Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program
Standardized security assessment for cloud services used by federal agencies
// What is FedRAMP?
FedRAMP provides a standardized approach to security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud products and services used by federal agencies. The program enables agencies to leverage pre-authorized cloud solutions, reducing duplicative security assessments across government.
Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) seeking to serve federal customers must achieve FedRAMP authorization through rigorous assessment against NIST SP 800-53 controls. The authorization level (Low, Moderate, or High) corresponds to the sensitivity of data the system can process.
The FedRAMP Authorization Act of 2022, signed into law as part of the FY2023 NDAA, codified the program and established the FedRAMP Board to oversee governance. This legislation reinforced the program's importance and ensured its continued operation.
// Inside the Regulation
FedRAMP defines three authorization levels based on FIPS 199 impact categorization. Each level requires implementation of increasingly comprehensive security controls from NIST SP 800-53.
FedRAMP Low
For cloud systems processing data where loss would have limited adverse effect on operations, assets, or individuals.
125+ Controls
Baseline derived from NIST SP 800-53 Low baseline with FedRAMP-specific parameters and additional controls.
Use Cases
Public websites, collaboration tools with non-sensitive data, development/test environments.
Assessment
Third-Party Assessment Organization (3PAO) assessment required with annual reassessment.
FedRAMP Moderate
For cloud systems processing data where loss would have serious adverse effect. Most common authorization level.
325+ Controls
Comprehensive control set covering access control, audit, incident response, system protection, and more.
Use Cases
PII processing, financial systems, email services, CRM platforms, most SaaS applications.
Continuous Monitoring
Monthly vulnerability scanning, annual penetration testing, ongoing POA&M management.
FedRAMP High
For cloud systems processing data where loss would have severe or catastrophic effect on operations, assets, or individuals.
421+ Controls
Most stringent control baseline including enhanced cryptography, access controls, and incident response.
Use Cases
Law enforcement data, healthcare systems, financial regulatory systems, emergency services.
Enhanced Requirements
Stricter personnel security, enhanced logging, more frequent assessments, FIPS 140-2 validated cryptography.
Note: FedRAMP offers two authorization paths: Agency Authorization (sponsored by a specific agency) and Joint Authorization Board (JAB) Authorization (prioritized review for high-demand solutions). JAB authorizations are provisional and still require agency-specific acceptance. The FedRAMP Marketplace lists all authorized cloud services.
// Who Must Comply
- 1 Cloud Service Providers selling to federal agencies
- 2 SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS vendors pursuing government contracts
- 3 Managed service providers hosting federal workloads
- 4 Commercial cloud vendors seeking government market access
- 5 Federal agencies procuring cloud services (must use FedRAMP-authorized solutions)
// Key Requirements
Access Control
Role-based access, MFA, session controls, and least privilege enforcement
Continuous Monitoring
Ongoing vulnerability management, configuration monitoring, and incident detection
Data Protection
Encryption at rest and in transit, key management, and data handling procedures
Incident Response
IR capabilities, US-CERT reporting requirements, and breach notification procedures
Configuration Management
Baseline configurations, change control, and vulnerability remediation
Assessment & Authorization
3PAO assessment, POA&M management, and annual reauthorization
// Enforcement & Penalties
While FedRAMP itself doesn't impose direct penalties, failure to maintain authorization results in loss of ability to serve federal customers. Misrepresentation of FedRAMP status can trigger False Claims Act liability and contract termination.
Loss of federal contracts; False Claims Act exposure for misrepresentation
Examples:
- Removal from FedRAMP Marketplace for compliance failures
- Agency contract termination for lapsed authorization
- False Claims Act liability for misrepresenting authorization status
- Reputational damage affecting commercial and government sales
// Cyber Insurance Impact
FedRAMP authorization demonstrates mature security practices that can positively influence cyber insurance underwriting. Many insurers view FedRAMP-authorized organizations as lower risk due to validated controls and continuous monitoring requirements.
// How Breach Craft Helps
We help organizations achieve FedRAMP compliance through genuine security improvements—not checkbox exercises. Our services address the specific requirements and challenges of FedRAMP.
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